This paper investigates internal control restatements, i.e., companies and their auditors restating Section 404 internal control (IC) opinions from clean to adverse, after announcing financial statement restatements. We compare IC restatement companies with both companies that issue adverse IC...

This study extends current literature related to non-audit services by investigating internal audit outsourcing to the external auditor. We posit that certain types of internal audit outsourcing (i.e. those which are non-routine, and thus tend to be non-recurring in nature) are unlikely to lead...