Most histories of the Internet, both scholarly and popular, focus on its origins in the ARPANET network built by the U.S. Advanced Projects Research Agency in the late 1960s. In this paper it is shown that the ARPANET was just one of many private and public initiatives that helped shape the...

The computer-services and software industry used to be conveniently divided into three main sectors: mass-market software vendors, enterprise software vendors, and computer services. The three sectors were distinct, because personal computers, corporate mainframes, and online computer networks...

This compact history traces the computer industry from 1950s mainframes, through establishment of standards beginning in 1965, to personal computing in the 1980s and the Internet’s explosive growth since 1995. Martin Campbell-Kelly and Daniel Garcia-Swartz describe a steady trend toward...

This article reviews the changes to the established software industry caused by the rise of the Internet. Before the advent of the commercial Internet (in 1994, say), the industry consisted of three distinct sectors: vendors of mass-market software products for PCs; vendors of enterprise...

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- I Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Internet before Commercialization -- II Internet Technologies Seeking a Business Model -- 3 Innovation and the Evolution of Market Structure for Internet Access in the United States -- 4 Protocols for...