A pre-pack is a collection of items used in retail distribution. By grouping multiple units of one or more stock keeping units (SKU), distribution and handling costs can be reduced; however, ordering flexibility at the retail outlet is limited. This paper studies an inventory system at a retail...

Retailers often use service level agreements (SLAs) to evaluate their supplier's performance. Based on an examination of 70 SLAs from practice we conclude that in terms of evaluating fill rate, these SLAs vary in at least three key dimensions: (1) supplier performance can be evaluated for each...