One of the three responsibilities of a modern government, according to Adam Smith, is to protect every citizen from the injustice and oppression of every other citizen through the establishment of an efficient and effective administration of justice. Justice, a set of moral rules that concern...

For many years, Muslims have been involved in philanthropic activities focused on helping the poor and needy through varied types of ‘third sector' organizations (TSOs). Nevertheless, many people in Muslim majority countries (MMCs) face human security crises and not much is known about the...

In the Islamic concept of economic relationship, a fundamental belief is that ‘wealth' is a “bounty” (“gift”) from Allah and must be shared for public interest (al masalaha al mursalah). The instrument for sharing and “increase and purification” of wealth is zakat al-mal. Though...

Section 1: The Introduction and Theoretical Framework -- Chapter 1: Muslim Majority Countries, Philanthropy, and Human Security: Concepts, and Contexts- Samiul Hasan -- Chapter 2: Human Security in A Globalised World: Concepts and Issues for the Muslim World- Ishtiaq Hossain and Adams Isiaka...

Muslims in Bangladesh follow the liberal Sunni Hanafi School (“followers of opinion” or ashab al-ra’y), possibly because of its focus on logic and reasoning, and adoption of urf (local customs), and adat (customary laws). The country has been served long with a mosque-imam-oriented (not...

Islam does not prescribe punishment for actions that do not contradict the principle of the Unity of God (tawhid) or any explicit command, and grants rewards for an action according to its intention. This essay reviews the constitutional measures many Muslim majority countries (MMCs) have...