We use municipal amalgamations in Japan to identify the impact of welfare benefits on labor supply. In municipal amalgamations, under Japan’s Public Assistance (PA) program, municipalities with the highest class-areas become the new municipality and the basis for calculating welfare benefit...

Survey non-response has risen in recent years which has increased the share of imputed and underreported values found on commonly used datasets. While this trend has been well-documented for earnings, the growth in non-response to government transfers questions has received far less attention....