In this chapter we profile the strategies of two large Japanese firms with expertise in ‘old’ biotechnology, which … successfully developed the technological capabilities to enter ‘new’ biotechnology. We suggest that these ‘new entrants’ differed … from traditional pharmaceutical companies in their response to the technological discontinuities of the biotechnology …

Biotechnology revolutionized drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry, making adoption a key determinant of long …-term survival in the industry. In the U.S., where and when firms adopted biotechnology was largely determined by location of … star scientists in developing a biotechnology industry in Japan compared to the U.S. …

cluster policies in Japan, Germany, and France as well as six prominent biotechnology clusters in these countries. Information …