How far to go – and to remain – in the direction of highly expansionary monetary policy hinges on the balance of marginal benefits and costs of additional monetary easing and its expected evolution over time. This paper sketches a framework for assessing this balance and applies it to four...

We obtain and analyse non-public data on fundraising records for equity crowdfunding (ECF) in Japan. We are the first to sketch its modality in relation to small and nascent companies' demand for equity and their popularity amongst capital providers (backers). We find that backers' financial...

In the credit default swap (CDS) market, Japan’s major companies are regarded on average as having weak pathways leading from their stakeholder relationships to reducing their default risks. This assertion is based on panel data analyses to investigate the determinants of companies’ CDS...