I propose a new variable to assess the effect of the Japanese foreign exchange (FX) intervention. The variable is the probability of an FX rate reaching one threshold before the other threshold is reached. Importantly, the probability depends on not only the level but also the trend and...

We decompose exchange rate exposure into systematic and partial parts. The former is the product of the exposure of the market portfolio and a firm’s market beta, reflecting the risk of the exchange rate to a macroeconomy. The latter is the residual one that most previous studies have...