The punishment paradigm is attractive because of the parsimonious way in which it integrates the instrumental and the symbolic features of ordering. This paper examines the relationship between these features in a context where risk and risk reduction are prioritized. The central question...

Surveys of public opinion conducted at different times in Canada and in the UK show that many more respondents believe in the criminal courts than in the police for controlling crime. The implications of this perceived gap in the crime control efficiency of punishing and of policing are examined...