Global economic digitization continues to advance at exponential speed. This development is in sharp contrast to the financial sector and payment systems that still operate on legacy infrastructure that lacks the flexibility to serve those technology needs. Further, the emergence of...

Facing increased competition, over the last decade many stock exchanges changed their trading fees to maker-taker pricing, an incentive scheme that rewards liquidity suppliers and charges liquidity demanders. Using a change in trading fees on the Toronto Stock Exchange, we study whether and why...

Facing increased competition, over the last decade many stock exchanges changed their trading fees to maker-taker pricing, an incentive scheme that rewards liquidity suppliers and charges liquidity demanders. Using a change in trading fees on the Toronto Stock Exchange, we study whether and why...

Facing increased competition, over the last decade many stock exchanges changed their trading fees to maker-taker pricing, an incentive scheme that rewards liquidity suppliers and charges liquidity demanders. Using a change in trading fees on the Toronto Stock Exchange, we study whether and why...

We study a unique data set of all client trades that the six largest Canadian dealers sent to U.S. equity markets in 2014-2015. Contrary to the public perception, Canadian dealers use U.S. markets only lightly and send less than 5% of their $-volume to the U.S.; on 60% of security-day...