It is now more than five years since the Oceans Act came into force as Canada's modern legal framework for integrated coastal and ocean management (ICOM). Although there have been several integrated management initiatives at the national, regional and provincial level, the assessment of the...

A recent publication concluded that “... Canadian water transportation policy is a history of: laissez faire; protection, financing and subsidization; government operation, ownership and privatization; expanded protection; commercialization; and a market oriented philosophy.” Consistent with...