In this study, we employ the 2001-2013 Survey of Consumer Finances to examine how prior investment outcomes affect portfolio allocation in defined contribution (DC) plans. Results show that investors with prior gains are more likely to invest all DC plan assets in stocks. Factors such as risk...

This study examines potential effects of overconfidence on financial advice usage. Financial literacy overconfidence is defined as the gap between consumers’ subjective and objective financial knowledge. Using a representative national survey, the result shows that over 11 percent of...