We use a Markov chain model to evaluate pure persistence in hedge fund returns. We study two forms of pure persistence: absolute persistence and persistence with respect to the high water mark, accounting for the size of drawdowns. We find that hedge funds in general exhibit persistence in...

A measurement error in beta that arises from changes in leverage during the beta estimation window contributes in explaining the size effect. Simulations of asset returns show that the magnitude of the bias in equity returns is proportional to the stock market-induced changes in leverage. We...

The tournament hypothesis of Brown et al. (1996) posits that managers of poorly performing funds actively increase portfolio risk in the second half of the year. At the same time, it is a well-established stylized fact that stock returns and the subsequent return standard deviation are...