This paper examines the effects of business and consumer confidence on stock market returns. Based on the analysis of monthly data from thirty-one countries, the results show that business and consumer confidence has a positive effect on stock market returns. The findings reveal that change in...

This study examines the impulse response functions and causality test of stock market returns and market-wide liquidity as measured by share turnover (the total number of shares traded over a period divided by the average number of shares outstanding for the period). The analyses of the monthly...

This paper analyses how stock returns on the U.S. manufacturing industry respond to raw materials price shock. Using monthly excess return data of the U.S. manufacturing industry and the percentage change of the U.S. raw materials price commodity index from 1960:M2 to 2012:M12, the vector auto...

This study examines the relative importance of percentage change in price-to-earnings ratio (PE), percentage change in dividend yield (DY) and change in aggregate Tobin's q ratio (∆TBQ) in forecasting returns on the S&P 500 (SP). The results from the variance decomposition analysis of...