Traditional assets, like stocks and bonds, are mostly found to be highly influenced by uncertainties, and cause distress for investors most of the time, consequently investors look for safe investment options that can provide diversification benefits to cope with uncertainties. So, current...

This study investigates the relationship between trading volume and returns and volatility of Pakistani market for the period of July 1998 to October 2008. The Dickey-Fuller test is applied to turn the time series stationary. The ARCH and GARCH-M models are used to test the return, volatility...

The expansion of investment strategies and capital markets is altering the significance and empirical rationality of the Efficient Market Hypothesis. The vitality of capital markets is essential for efficiency research. The authors explore here the development and contemporary status of the...