Stock prices are well known to exhibit behaviors that are difficult to model mathematically. Individual stocks are observed to exhibit short term price reversals and long term momentum, while their industries only exhibit momentum. Here we show that individual stocks can be modeled by simple...

Bond Yield curve is an important indicator of the borrowing costs and lending returns, is also one of the most observed indicator by traders in fixed income trading desk among investment banks. The shape of the yield curve can be normal, flat or inverted. In most cases, bond yield curve is...

This paper develops a decentralized theory that determines the fair value of the yield-to-maturity of a bond or bond portfolio based purely on the near-term dynamics of the yield itself. The theory decomposes the yield into three components: its expected change, its risk premium, and its...