We discuss various performance measures of beta hedging and offer a new synthetic criterion that accounts for both risk-adjusted return and loss of the trading strategy. We consider two long portfolios hedged by the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY) that mimics the S&P 500 index. The first portfolio...

We compared performance of past ‘winners' and past ‘losers' over the look-ahead period of one month for various portfolios that consist of the US ETFs and the holdings of the US equity Select Sector SPDRs in 2007 – 2017 and 2011 - 2017. Namely, we verified the conventional pattern...

Political-institutional factors — such as the political composition of state legislatures, and interstate variations in public sector labor environments, such as union strength, and collective bargaining rights — can explain a significant proportion of interstate variation in bankruptcy...