Using a large data set of companies from 16 European countries over the period between January 1994 and May 2011, we estimate the equity risk premiums applying an implied cost of capital approach. We find estimates that are consistently larger than those in previous studies, ranging from 4.4% to...

This internet appendix provides simulation results that compare the Bayesian model averaging approach (BMA) with alternative proxy selection approaches. For more information, refer to the main paper.The paper "Model Uncertainty and Expected Return Proxies'" to which these Appendices apply is...

Over the last two decades, alternative expected return proxies have been proposed with substantially lower variation than realized returns. This helped to reduce parameter uncertainty and to identify many seemingly robust relations between expected returns and variables of interest, which would...

Despite its theoretical appeal, Markowitz mean-variance portfolio optimization is plagued by practical issues. It is especially difficult to obtain reliable estimates of a stock's expected return. Recent research has therefore focused on minimum volatility portfolio optimization, which...

In this paper, we examine size, value, and momentum patterns in the stock returns of four emerging market regions - Latin America, EMEA, Asia, and BRIC. We document a strong and highly significant value effect, and a strong but less significant momentum effect. Substantial value and momentum...

Using monthly stock returns from 28 emerging market countries and a total sample period of 21 years, we investigate the predictive power of a broad set of factors. We document that the factor definitions of the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model are less robust compared to alternative...

We extract the news component of short-selling activity by accounting for important cross-sectional, distributional differences in short interest data. The resulting measure of surprise in short interest negatively predicts the cross section of both U.S. and international equity returns. Our...