This paper analyzed the non-linear ARDL approach and the non-linear Granger co-integration method. The gold price level showed positive asymmetric response to changes in the oil price in the short and long run. This study used the non-linear ARDL method to analyze the relationship between oil...

Knowledge of the direction of the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is of primary importance if appropriate energy policies and energy conservation measures are to be devised. This study estimates the causality relationship between electricity consumption and economic...