In 1936, John Maynard Keynes proposed that emotions and instincts are pivotal in decision-making, particularly for investors. Both positive and negative moods can influence judgments and decisions, extending to economic and financial choices. Intuitions, emotional states, and biases...

This study investigates the dynamic effect of the change in aggregate Tobin's q ratio (TBQ) on the percentage change in the S&P 500 price-to-earnings ratio (PE). Based on the analysis of the quarterly market level data from 1951Q4 to 2012Q4, the results show that PE significantly jumps...