This study seeks to understand the nature of international stock markets and the extent to which the ASEAN-5 markets causally relate with each other before and after the 1997-98 turmoil. The data series of the Composite Index (CI) in logarithm form and the volatility series of GARCH were adopted...

This paper examines the impacts of the labor market's educational quality on value-added agriculture and economic growth in Malaysia during the period 1982-2019, using the VAR Granger causality test, variance decomposition, and impulse response function (IRF). The paper explores how educational...