This paper uses firm-level panel data for the manufacturing sector in four African countries to estimate the effect of exporting on efficiency. Estimating simultaneously a production function and an export regression that control for unobserved firm effects, it finds both significant efficiency...

On the basis of recent survey data, the authors test their hypothesis that the pattern of growth and distribution in Kenyan smallholder sector is best understood rather as being the outcome of the complex interaction of rural factor market failure and urban labour market participation. The...