Finance and insurance industry ("financial services") can play a key role in climate adaptation, by reducing and transferring risks. However, financial services are largely absent from developing countries with their highly vulnerable economies and livelihoods. The financial services sector...

Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over...