With intensified global competition, institutional changes and reduced communication costs the propensity of firms to reconfigure their global value chain and separate their activities across national boundaries has increased markedly. It enables firms to combine the benefits arising from...

One of the major conceptual dilemmas of international management has been issue of the liability of foreignness. The multinational enterprise (MNE), as it expands internationally, faces two fundamental problems: does it continue to do abroad what it does well at home, or does it change its...