Diagnostic classification tests are designed to assess examinees’ discrete mastery status on a set of skills or attributes. Such tests have gained increasing attention in educational and psychological measurement. We review diagnostic classification models and their applications to testing and...

Die ökonomische Theorie erhält durch die empirischen Methoden der Neurowissenschaft neue Möglichkeiten der Erkenntnisgewinnung. Wie unterscheiden sich die Denkmuster der Neurowissenschaft und der Ökonomie? Bei welchen ökonomischen Fragestellungen kann die Neurowissenschaft einen Beitrag...

Recent research is exploring the case for cognitive or post-decision dissonance using the free-choice paradigm of Brehm (1956). Participants are repeatedly faced with a choice between items that they have given the same rating of liking, two items at a time, and it is found that items not chosen...

The study of gender differences in social preferences has shown mixed results, preventing economists and other social scientists from drawing definitive conclusions on this topic. Several original investigations and experimental reviews have hypothesized that the main reason of this...

We claim that understanding human decisions requires that both automatic and deliberate processes be considered. First, we sketch the qualitative differences between two hypothetical processing systems, an automatic and a deliberate system. Second, we show the potential that connectionism offers...

Classic behavioral decision research has intensively explored deliberate processes in decision making. Accordingly, individuals are viewed as bounded rational actors who, because of cognitive limitations, use simple heuristics that are successful in certain environments. In this chapter, it is...

It has been repeatedly shown that in decisions under time constraints, individuals predominantly use noncompensatory strategies rather than complex compensatory ones. We argue that these findings might be due not to limitations of cognitive capacity but instead to limitations of information...

It has been shown that in decision making evaluations of evidence and attributes are modified. In three studies it was investigated if this finding of coherence shifts generalizes to real-world probabilistic inference decisions which are made from given probabilistic cues. Using a...

Eine zentrale Aufgabe des Rechts besteht darin, das Zusammenleben in der Gesellschaft durch formale Regeln zu gewährleisten und diese gegebenenfalls an veränderte Anforderungen der Umwelt anzupassen. Dazu offnen sich Rechtswissenschaft und -praxis verstarkt gegenüber Befunden aus...