The Punjab Insurgency in India (1978-1993) took the lives of over 20,000 people. Yet, there has been little research on … the economic causes and consequences of the conflict in Punjab, which has been classified as a civil war and also an … insurgency. In this article, I delve into some of the reasons for why Punjab suffered such a prolonged and bloody insurgency …

Civilians who have fled violent conflict and settled in neighboring countries are integral to processes of civil war … violence. In a survey of 1,120 Syrian refugees in Turkey conducted in 2016, we use experiments to examine attitudes towards two … critical phases of conflict termination - a ceasefire and a peace agreement. We test the malleability of refugees' attitudes to …

India. We code data on Hindu-Muslim violence and Muslim political representation in India and leverage quasi …We investigate the impact of the political representation of minority groups on the incidence of ethnic conflict in … results in a large and significant decline in Hindu-Muslim conflict. The average result is driven by richer states and those …