This chapter considers and compares the ways in which two types of data, economic observations and phenotypic data in plant science, are prepared for use as evidence for claims about phenomena such as business cycles and gene-environment interactions. We focus on what we call “cleaning by...

Because of one algebraic mistake in the works of Tinbergen, Neuberg comes to the conclusion that the pre-Haavelmo research "ultimately failed to under- stand changes in business variables as cyclic harmonic motion" and "Morgan does not convey the failure." What went wrong in the pre-Haavelmo...