Uskali Mäki has long argued that realist interpretations of economics do not face a challenge regarding the ontological status of non-observable theoretical entities. He argues that in economics, unlike physics, the theoretical entities are "commonsensibles" – entities familiar from our...

A characteristic feature of economic development is the ever changing structure of consumption patterns. Reducing the explanation of this phenomenon to changing prices, finally caused by changes in the availability of goods (or characteristics), would neglect a major force driving this change,...

Individual preferences must be evaluated to take into account the citizens' interests for public decisions. Usually, economists assess individual preferences through market decisions. But more often, public decisions impact goods without market prices. Without a market to refer to, evaluating...

Laboratory experiments are an important methodology in economics, especially in the field of behavioral economics. However, it is still debated to what extent results from laboratory experiments can be applied to field settings. One highly important question with respect to the external validity...