by horizontal hospital mergers as an instrument, we show that rising prices raise the cost of labor by increasing … employer-sponsored health insurance premiums. A 1% increase in health care prices lowers both payroll and employment at firms … tax receipts by 0.4%, and increases unemployment insurance payments by 2.5%. The increases in unemployment we observe are …

Between 2000 and 2020, the share of US hospital bed capacity under multi-unit firms (systems) increased from 58% to 81 … ownership affects hospital profitability and quality. We combine novel, patient-level transaction price data from a large … commercial insurer, Medicare claims, and New York hospital discharges between 2012 and 2018 to study changes at over 100 …

whereby Dallas school teachers paid $6 a year to the University Hospital and were extended hospital care without further … charge [1, p. 5 ]. From this beginning grew Blue Cross plans, pioneers in the health insurance field. Commercial insurance … companies became important sellers of health insurance after 1941. More recently, independent health plans such as those …