Health care expenditures can be financed through a mix of public resources and private spending. Private spending is a much larger share of total health spending in low- and middle-income countries than in higher income countries. Moreover, a significant percentage of private spending in those...

This book provides guidance to countries that want to reform or establish mandatory health insurance (MHI) by specifically addressing governance. It elucidates the role played by the social, political, and historical context in conditioning how MHI systems are governed and, in turn, how...

This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population family (HNP) of the World Bank's Human Development Network (HDN). The papers in this series aim to provide a vehicle for publishing preliminary and unpolished results on HNP topics to encourage discussion and debate. The cost of a...