The rapid growth of e-commerce in the recent pandemic is driven by the wide adoption of digitization, extensive use of smartphones, affordable internet services, and the convenience of shopping from anywhere and anytime. Some key indexes for measuring the performance of the e-commerce...

We apply Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) to inventory management problems with multiple echelons and evaluate MADRL's performance to minimize the overall costs of a supply chain. We also examine whether the upfront-only information-sharing mechanism used in MADRL helps alleviate...