Soil is a key environmental compartment, determining the supply of crucial ecosystem services as well as supporting biodiversity below and above ground. In the last 15 years, substantial efforts have been made to incorporate the impacts on land due to production processes - from a life cycle...

The European Union is a major trading partner of bio-based products and commodities worldwide. It is therefore crucial to estimate the consequences of EU consumption in terms of the related land demand both domestically and outside the EU. Land footprinting methods inherently adopt life cycle...

The present report illustrates the assessment of available characterisation models and factors in order to suggest an update of those recommended in the EF. The suggested updates where firstly reported in the EF reference package 2.0 and subsequently refined in the EF reference package 3.0) for...