The need to introduce scientific management and change management, while respecting the requirements for efficiency and transparency in the security industry, requires the corresponding responsibility to the obligations and adaptability to the changes in the security environment, to the risks...

This paper explores changes in the organisation of work in European nations over 2000-2010. Results show a decline in the Discretionary Learning (DL). Periods of economic expansion tend to be DL enhancing, while periods of economic stagnation tend to reinforce the use of more hierarchical forms...