Fines and damages are the principal sanctions of criminal, civil and regulatory law. Yet in law it does not matter who pays money sanctions. Damages overwhelmingly are paid by insurers and the cost of insurance premiums loaded into commodity prices and thus dispersed among consumers. Fines are...

My forthcoming Article is divided into the following parts. In Part I, I survey relevant aspects of the law of § 1983 and Bivens. Painting with a broad brush and for the most part descriptively, I maintain that the Court’s concern with over-deterrence has increasingly dominated constitutional...

This article engages with the ways in which the assessment of damages for personal injuries reflects deeply gendered assumptions about women's and men's roles. It arose out of a decision of the NSW Court of Appeal (which later went to the High Court of Australia) in NSW Insurance Ministerial...

This paper will explore the efficacy of contractual exclusions of obligations of care or liability for negligence. It will begin by setting out some fundamental principles of construction of exclusive clauses affecting the tort liability of the parties to the contract. It will then turn to...

Litigation against a government presupposes that it is amenable to suit and there is a court of competent jurisdiction. This paper deals with the amenability to suit of, and the jurisdiction of courts over, the executive governments of the Australian Commonwealth and States. Its purpose is to...

This Article addresses a central question of climate adaptation in the United States: how can municipalities, which are best positioned to take a lead in climate change adaptation efforts, be incentivized to do so? The Article analyzes and ultimately rejects as doctrinally unmoored and...

This submission responds to two proposals by the Australian government to address online copyright infringement (1) expanding secondary liability for copyright infringement (the doctrine of authorisation) to increase the ‘incentives’ for network access providers to ‘cooperate’ with...

Imagine a pedestrian and driver both approaching a crosswalk. Both parties can take actions to prevent an accident, and traditional economic analysis of tort law recognizes the importance of making sure that both parties have an incentive to do so. However, traditional negligence rules can...

The article introduces a contract approach to patent infringement and develops a methodology for finding reasonable royalty damages. The contract approach complements approaches based on property and tort, thus providing a more complete understanding of damages. The article argues that the...