There were 53 ELD occurrences in Latvia up to the end of 2021. Compared with other Member States, the level of enforcement of national ELD legislation is moderate to good.1 This is due in large part to the implementation and enforcement of national ELD legislation for all land, water and...

There were six ELD occurrences in Ireland from the time that the ELD was transposed into Irish law on 1 April 2009 until 30 September 2021. Three of these occurrences involved an imminent threat of environmental damage, of which two were for biodiversity damage and one was for water damage....

Hungary reported 573 ELD occurrences to the European Commission in the period between 30 April 2007 and 30 April 2013, the highest number of ELD occurrences reported by any Member State. The Country Report for Hungary stated that the number of ELD occurrences since that time is not publicly...

There were four ELD occurrences of environmental damage and no ELD occurrences of an imminent threat of environmental damage in Belgium between the time that the ELD was transposed into the law of the Flemish and Walloon Regions (30 April 2007), the Brussels-Capital Region (14 November 2008),...

There were two ELD occurrences in Cyprus up to November 2021. One occurrence involved damage to protected species and natural habitats. The other occurrence involved an imminent threat of environmental damage (threat to human health and the environment (air, soil and waters)).

The application of national ELD legislation is low in Bulgaria. The reason is that since April 2008 when the ELD was transposed into Bulgarian law and November 2021, there had been two environmental damage occurrences under the ELD (both in 2020) and six occurrences of an imminent threat of...

There was a total of 171 ELD occurrences in Italy between 2006 when Italy transposed the ELD and 31 December 2018. Twenty-two were environmental damage occurrences, up to 146 were imminent threat occurrences and three were both environmental damage and imminent threat occurrences. Competent...

Liability for preventing and remediating environmental damage in Germany is mostly enforced by national liability legislation for preventing and remediating land/soil, water, and biodiversity damage, and environmental permitting and planning legislation. Competent authorities tend to enforce...

Enforcement of national ELD legislation in Finland is low. Between 2013 and November 2021 there had only been one ELD occurrence involving water damage, one ELD occurrence involving an imminent threat of water damage, and two potential ELD occurrences (one involving water damage and biodiversity...