We show that economic incentives affect the number and commercial value of inventions generated in universities. Using panel data for 102 U.S. universities during the period 1991-1999, we find that universities which give higher royalty shares to academic scientists generate more inventions and...

We study how fragmentation of patent rights ('patent thickets') and the formation of the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) affected the duration of patent disputes, and thus the speed of technology diffusion through licensing. We develop a model of patent litigation which predicts...

Economic incentives affect the number and commercialvalue of inventions generated in universities. Controlling for factorssuch as university size and research funding, an analysis of panel datacollected between 1991 and 1999 for 102 universities in the United Statesreveals that universities...

This paper studies the role of intrinsic motivation, reputation and reciprocity in driving open source software innovation. We exploit the observed pattern of contributions – the ‘revealed preference' of developers - to infer the underlying incentives. Using detailed information on code...