The technology licensing literature has completely dominated by the assumption of constant returns to scale technology, while the implications of convex costs have been discussed extensively in the Industrial Organization literature or in the Microeconomics literature, in general. We show that...

We show that, for licensing by an outside innovator in a Cournot oligopoly, royalty licensing can generate higher payoff to the innovator than the fixed-fee licensing and auction if the labor market is unionized. This result holds irrespective of the unionization structure.

Despite the important insights it has provided, technology licensing literature remains restrictive by not allowing government policies. We show that in the presence of strategic tax policies, an outside innovator and, more interestingly and in contrast to the existing works, the consumers are...

We show the effects of product differentiation and competition on technology licensing by an outside innovator. Both the innovator and the society are better off under royalty licensing compared to auction (or fixed-fee) if the number of potential licensees is sufficiently large, irrespective of...

Our analysis provides a rationale for the existence of a positive fixed-fee and output royalty in the licensing contracts. In this article, we show that the preference functions play an important role in this respect. As the market expansion effect gets weaker, it reduces the possibility of a...

We show that a monopolist final goods producer may find it profitable to create competition by licensing its technology if the input market is imperfectly competitive. With a centralized union, we show that licensing by a monopolist is profitable under both uniform and discriminatory wage...

Taking technological differences between firms as given, we show that the technologically advanced firm has a stronger incentive for technology licensing under a decentralized unionization structure than with centralized wage setting. Furthermore, We show that, in presence of licensing, the...

Previous literature has mostly considered R&D and licensing activities separately. In this paper we examine the effect of licensing on R&D and social welfare. We show that the effect of licensing on the incentive for doing R&D is ambiguous and depends on the costs of doing R&D. We also show that...

We use a duopoly to show how the possibility of licensing ex post R&D affects the decision on R&D organization. We show that whether licensing ex post R&D affects the incentive for doing cooperative R&D depends on the nature of cooperative R&D. If the firms do cooperative R&D to avoid...