Activism seeking to improve labor conditions in global supply chains has led transnational corporations to adopt codes of conduct and monitor suppliers for compliance, but it is unclear whether these formal organizational structures raise labor standards. Drawing on thousands of audits conducted...

Charges of labor rights abuses and environmental harm are increasingly common for major brands sourcing in today’s globally expanded supply chains, often presenting major reputational risks at minimum. However, the standard response of attempting to police supply chains by emphasizing...

"The authors examine developments in labor standards in global supply chains over the past thirty years, analyzing factors that create challenges and opportunities for improving working conditions. They illustrate the complex dynamics within and among key groups, including brands, suppliers,...