Purpose: An electronic product recycling not only needs the waste treatment company, but also involves recycler and remanufacturer. It is significance for increasing subsidy modes and promoting waste recycling to research the effect of government subsidies for recycler and remanufacturer on the...

With the development of e-commerce, manufacturers have opportunities to sell products to consumers through direct channels in addition to independent retailers. Although manufacturers’ encroachment upon the retailing market of traditional goods has been extensively studied, there is a lack of...