In a two-stage serial supply chain, a periodic flexible policy (PF policy) allows the retailer to receive fixed orders that may depend on demand history in one period of the ordering cycle and order freely in other periods. Existing literature has shown that certain PF policies can significantly...

Stockpiling inventory is an essential strategy for building supply chain resilience. It enables firms to continue operating while finding a solution to an unexpected event that causes a supply disruption or demand surge. While extremely valuable when actually deployed, stockpiles incur large...