Despite being an identity, the money multiplier (MM) is also a useful summary of the financial intermediation process as it can be interpreted as the rate of substitution between inside and outside money. By modelling the supply and demand for inside and outside money, we provide this rate of...

We model the behaviour of banks as a main driver of the changing components of the money multiplier (MM). So we provide behavioural underpinnings for the supply and demand for inside and outside money. We illustrate how the creation of large outside money balances by central banks induces...

The crisis of 2007-2009 has shown that financial market turbulence can lead to huge funding liquidity problems for banks. This paper provides empirical evidence on banks' responses to wholesale funding shocks, using data of seventeen of the largest Dutch banks over the period January 2004 to...