This paper studies the impact of sovereign debt rating changes on liquidity for stocks from 40 countries for the period 1990-2009. We find that sovereign rating changes significantly affect stock liquidity. The impact is stronger for downgrades than for upgrades, and is nonlinear in event size....

Defining extreme liquidity as the tail of the illiquidity for all stocks, I propose a direct measure of market-wide extreme liquidity risk and find that it is priced cross-sectionally in the U.S. Between 1973 and 2014, the stocks with low extreme liquidity risk beta earned value-weighted average...