Using a rich sample of small and medium-sized European firms, we study how banks' lending technologies affected firms' export activities during the 2009 great trade collapse. We find that bank-firm relationships mitigated the contraction of firms' export by easing banks' access to inside, "soft"...

We examine the ináuence of countries lending infrastructure on credit rationing for European SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). This lending infrastructure, conceptualised by Berger and Udell (2006) is comprised of countries information, legal, judicial, bankruptcy, social and...

We investigate whether credit constraints affect firms' reliance on open innovation strategies. Using data on 7,000 Italian small and medium-sized enterprises, we find that credit restricted firms are 26% more likely to collaborate for innovation than firms not suffering from credit constraints....