A new model of an electric battery is established, based on the simplest battery model and Denno's battery model with an internal dissipation. The model is used to investigate the fundamental problem of how to maximize the work output of an electric battery in a given time. The important...

Based on the irreversible model of a PEM fuel cell working at steady state, expressions for the power output, efficiency and entropy production rate of the PEM fuel cell are analytically derived by using the theory of electrochemistry and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The effects of...

A new model of the energy selective electron (ESE) heat engine with a variable bias voltage resulting from a variable load resistance is established. Analytical expressions for the power output and efficiency of the system are derived, based on the Fermi–Dirac distribution of electrons. The...