This article, published in 1991, describes the two great ideologies of the market and the state that shaped antitrust law at its inception. In the evolutionary vision, market outcomes are spontaneous and unintended results of countless interactions of self-interested individuals; the resulting...

This article, published in 1987, responds to John Shepard Wiley, A Capture Theory of Antitrust Federalism, 99 Harv. L. Rev. 713 (1986). In an earlier article, I argued that the "clear articulation" requirement is the best criterion for "state action" antitrust immunity because it reinforces...

Public choice scholars have claimed that antitrust, like all forms of regulation, is not about advancing the public good, but is instead about advancing private interests that have special influence on legislative and administrative processes. This article, published in 1999, uses the Microsoft...