The assumption of local equilibrium is validated in four different systems where heat and mass are transported. Mass fluxes up to 13kmol/m2s and temperature gradients up to 1012K/m were used. A two-component mixture, two vapor–liquid interfaces, a chemical reaction in a temperature gradient...

In a first paper we extended the van der Waals square gradient model for the equilibrium liquid–vapor interface to nonequilibrium systems, in which both the density and the temperature depend on position and time. In this paper, we defined and calculated the excess densities for an arbitrary...