(carrots) and restrictive (sticks) programs. We apply this to contrast regime and treatment effects on unemployment durations …, employment, and post-unemployment earnings using register data that contain PES and case-worker identifiers for about 130,000 job … seekers. The results show that "carrots" and "sticks" treatments prolong unemployment, but carrots increase earnings whereas …

) programs. We apply this to contrast regime and treatment effects on unemployment durations, employment, and postunemployment … intensive carrots and sticks regimes each reduce unemployment durations, but with carrots regimes this raises earnings whereas …

Switzerland. Using a novel dataset that links official census data on adult education to longitudinal register data on labor … risk of unemployment two years after the treatment. However, the effects are heterogeneous as to gender, age, education …

Switzerland. Using a novel dataset that links official census data on adult education to longitudinal register data on labor … risk of unemployment two years after the treatment. However, the effects are heterogeneous as to gender, age, education …

shares of fast-depreciating hard skills, the role of lifelong learning is primarily as a hedge against unemployment risks …

-depreciating hard skills, the role of lifelong learning is primarily as a hedge against unemployment risks rather than a boost to wages …