Although researchers often view earnings management as being widespread, measuring the cost and level of earnings management is a non-trivial task. We derive a measure of earnings management cost and the associated equilibrium level of earnings management from the cross-sectional properties of...

We document that CEO cash compensation is twice as sensitive to negative stock returns as it is to positive stock returns. Since stock returns include both unrealized gains and unrealized losses, we expect cash compensation to be less sensitive to stock returns when returns contain unrealized...

The papers in this volume and briefly summarized in this introduction document that: (1) executive compensation is positively related to share price performance: (2) poor firm performance is associated with increased executive turnover; (3) managers choose accounting accruals in ways, that...