In this paper, long memory behavior of the energy consumption by source of the United States has been examined using the fractional integration technique for the three conventional cases of no regressors, an intercept, and an intercept and a linear trend. In addition, this study extends majority...

Long memory and nonlinearity are two key features of some macroeconomic time series which are characterized by persistent shocks that seem to rise faster during recession than it falls during expansion. A variant of nonlinear time series model together with long memory are used to examine these...