Most of the existing literature about the newsvendor problem mainly focused on choosing an optimal order quantity to maximize the expected profit of a risk-neutral newsvendor. However, some studies pointed out that in practice managers׳ decisions as to order quantities always deviate from the...

Purpose With the rapid development of e-commerce, multi-sourcing with supply contracts and spot buying has become more and more popular in reality. The main purpose of the paper is to explore a loss-averse buyer's optimal procurement policy in a multi-sourcing under e-commerce surroundings....